CSEC Geography Paper 2 May/June 2011 - Free CXC Past Paper with Answers

Draw a diagram of a composite volcanic cone and label FOUR features.

Define EACH of the following terms:

Extrusive volcanic features

Intrusive volcanic features

State FOUR changes which extrusive volcanic features may undergo over time.

Explain how earthquakes occur at transform plate boundaries.

Account for the nature of the eruptions and the shape of volcanoes at the following plate boundaries: a) Convergent b) Divergent

Draw a diagram of the water cycle and label the FOUR main processes.

Identify TWO important features of EACH of the following drainage patterns:

Dendritic

Radial

Define EACH of the following:

Stalactites

Swallow holes

Account for the formation of cockpits in the Caribbean.

Explain how wave-cut platforms are formed.

A world map is provided as an insert for this question. On the map provided, shade an area where EACH of the following types of climate is experienced:

On the map provided, shade an area where EACH of the following types of climate is experienced: a) Equatorial b) Tropical continental c) Tropical marine

For ONE of the climate types in (a) (i) above, insert the name of the area on the map.

Choose TWO of the climate types in (a) (i) and for EACH, describe TWO characteristics of EACH of the following: (i) Temperature (ii) Rainfall

State TWO reasons why a common period of 30 years of weather data is needed to determine the climate of places.

Explain why mountainous regions usually have lower temperatures and higher rainfall than the surrounding lowlands.

Study Figure 4 below and answer the questions which follow.

Figure 4.

(i) Using evidence from the map, list TWO features which may be associated with low population densities in Country P. (ii) Name the countries labelled a) P b) Q

Using evidence from the map, list TWO features which may be associated with low population densities in Country P.

Name the countries labelled a) P b) Q

With reference to population, define the terms (i) natural increase (ii) migration.

natural increase

migration.

Describe the pattern of international migration for a named Caribbean country over the last twenty years.

Explain how TWO factors influenced rural-to-urban migration.

Explain how FOUR factors have influenced high population densities in a named Caribbean country.

Study Table 1 and answer the questions below.

TABLE 1: CONTRIBUTION OF VARIOUS SECTORS TO GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT

(i) For which country did primary activities make the SMALLEST contribution to GDP? (ii) For which country did secondary activities account for approximately a third of GDP? (iii) For which countries did secondary and tertiary activities account for 90% of GDP? (iv) How are the contributions of primary, secondary and tertiary activities similar for all of the countries shown EXCEPT Country E?

For which country did primary activities make the SMALLEST contribution to GDP?

For which country did secondary activities account for approximately a third of GDP?

For which countries did secondary and tertiary activities account for 90% of GDP?

How are the contributions of primary, secondary and tertiary activities similar for all of the countries shown EXCEPT Country E?

Define the term 'secondary industry' and give ONE example of a secondary industry that you have studied.

State THREE ways by which countries can benefit from the development of secondary industries.

State TWO economic factors which may influence the location of a secondary economic activity.

Explain THREE policies that government may use to promote sustainable development in primary economic activities.

Explain THREE challenges faced by ONE of the following activities in a Caribbean country.

• Fishing
• Forestry
• Mining

State which interested party would be MOST LIKELY to make EACH of the statements, A, B, C, D above.

Describe FIVE characteristics of commercial arable farming in a Caribbean country you have studied.

For the country you named in (b) (i) above, state THREE problems, other than marketing, which affect commercial arable farming.

Explain BRIEFLY one reason why the average age of farm workers has increased over the years.

Outline THREE reasons why peasant (small) farmers tend to grow a variety of crops.

Explain TWO ways in which climate influences wheat production on the prairies of Canada.

Study Table 2 which shows natural disasters for the period 1947 – 80, and answer the questions which follow.

TABLE 2: NATURAL DISASTERS FOR 1947 – 80

Source: Hewitt, K., 1997, Regions of risk: in Nagle, G., 1998:7

(i) Which area had FEWEST deaths from disasters? (ii) What was the combined TOTAL loss of lives for Africa and Asia during the period? (iii) What is the difference in the relationship between number of disasters and number of lives lost in Europe and Africa?

Which area had FEWEST deaths from disasters?

What was the combined TOTAL loss of lives for Africa and Asia during the period?

What is the difference in the relationship between number of disasters and number of lives lost in Europe and Africa?

Define the term 'natural hazard'.

Describe THREE impacts of any ONE of the following hazards:

• Earthquakes
• Volcanoes
• Hurricanes

Explain how TWO activities of a named natural disaster organization in a Caribbean country have contributed to improved response to hazards.

Explain how THREE activities of the Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA) (formerly known as CDERA) can reduce the impact of natural hazards in the Caribbean.

A map of the Caribbean (Figure 5) is provided as an insert.

Study Figure 5 which shows some sites of earthquake activity and volcanic activity in the Caribbean. In your answer booklet, name FOUR of the countries lettered A, B, C, D, E and F.

Define EACH of the following terms: a) 'Water pollution' b) 'Deforestation'

a) Identify TWO ways by which the atmosphere can be polluted b) Identify ONE source for EACH of the ways identified in (ii) a) above.

Explain THREE causes of global warming

Discuss TWO likely consequences of global warming on the marine environment of the Caribbean.

Table 3 shows the area deforested in the Amazon for the years 2004 – 2007.

TABLE 3: AREA OF DEFORESTATION IN THE AMAZON, BRAZIL, 2004 – 2007

Source: www.mongabay.com/brazil.html, 23 October 2008

On the grid provided, as an insert, construct a bar graph to illustrate the above data. Include a title.

Describe TWO forms of pollution produced through agriculture OR agro-industries.

State FOUR specific measures used by individuals in the Caribbean to reduce land pollution.

Explain how FOUR measures reduce the impact of deforestation, giving specific examples from Caribbean countries.