CSEC Human and Social Biology Paper 2 May/June 2016 - Free CXC Past Paper with Answers

State the meaning of EACH of the following terms:

Diffusion Osmosis

Diffusion

Osmosis

Figure 1 and Figure 2 represent experiments to show the movement of molecules.

Figure 1. Experiment on movement of molecules

Figure 2. Experiment on movement of molecules

Both experiments show the movement of molecules. Suggest TWO differences between the movement of molecules in Figure 1 and Figure 2.

In which of the diagrams, Figure 1 or Figure 2, is osmosis taking place?

After one hour, what would be expected to happen to the level of water in the beaker in Figure 2? Explain why this would occur.

The process of diffusion is necessary in the human body in order for it to obtain essential materials. Other than the small intestine, state TWO organs in the human body in which diffusion occurs.

The inner surface of the small intestine is modified to carry out its function. One modification is the villus. Describe and explain the structure and function of the villus.

Name the end products of EACH of the following types of cellular respiration:

Aerobic

Anaerobic

Breathing involves inspiration and expiration. Figure 3 shows the position of the rib cage during breathing.

Figure 3. Position of the rib cage during breathing

Which of the drawings in Figure 3, A or B, shows the rib cage during inspiration?

With the aid of Figure 3, outline the activities that occur during the process of inspiration.

Desirée has difficulty breathing during the dry season when bush fires occur. Her bronchiole tubes become inflamed and she often has to be hospitalized.

Suggest the disease from which Desirée is MOST likely suffering.

Other than smoke, suggest TWO factors that may trigger Desirée’s disease.

Name the treatment that Desirée MOST likely receives at the hospital.

Identify the type of cell division illustrated in Figure 4.

Which type of cells, sex cells or somatic cells, are produced by this process?

What is the chromosome number of the parent cell and the daughter cell?

Parent cell Daughter cell

Which TWO types of sex chromosomes are fathers able to pass on to their offspring?

Sunil receives a painful blow to his groin during a game. Later he wonders why his testes are not protected inside his body.

Explain to Sunil the advantage of his testes being carried outside his body.

Sunil and his wife would like to have a child. Outline the roles that the epididymis, the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland play in forming semen in Sunil's body.

Sunil's wife learns that cervical cancer is common and kills many women in the Caribbean.

What TWO measures should she take to protect herself from cervical cancer?

Cervical cancer is believed to be caused by a sexually transmitted infection. Name ONE other sexually transmitted infection.

Identify the single-cell organism that causes malaria and state the TWO tissues/organs that it destroys in the human body.

Organism Organs

List THREE symptoms that someone suffering from malaria is likely to exhibit.

While on vacation Ravi enjoys some oysters and drinks a glass of water. The next morning he experiences severe abdominal cramps and diarrhoea.

Discuss the disease that Ravi most likely contracted. Include in your discussion, the name of the disease, the causative organism, TWO possible ways in which Ravi may have contracted it, and TWO steps that he could take to avoid getting ill like this in the future.

Describe THREE ways in which water is cycled between the earth and the atmosphere.

Kheana has a garden near a pond from which she can fish. She notices that the surface of the pond is covered by water plants. Later she observes dead plants and dead fish in the pond. Explain to Kheana why the fish in the pond are most likely dying.

Acme Industries have been dumping their chemical waste in a river that is frequented by a diversity of animals and used by humans for swimming and fishing. Explain the effect that these chemicals have on the food chain.