CSEC Human and Social Biology Paper 2 January 2019 - Free CXC Past Paper with Answers

Figure 1 shows the image of an upper limb. The image shows a skeletal muscle labelled A which forms one of a pair of antagonistic muscles.

Identify the muscle labelled A.

Name the muscle that is antagonistic to the muscle named in (a) (i).

Contraction and relaxation of the skeletal muscles in Figure 1 are necessary for locomotion.

Explain how these muscles work together to cause movement of the forearm.

State TWO reasons why locomotion is important to humans.

Malaria and dengue are two diseases that are prevalent throughout the Caribbean.

Table 1 and Table 2 show the incidence of the diseases in two Caribbean islands, X and Y, during the period 1990 to 1994.

TABLE 1: NUMBER OF CASES OF DENGUE FEVER IN CARIBBEAN ISLAND X BETWEEN 1990 AND 1994

TABLE 2: NUMBER OF CASES OF MALARIA IN CARIBBEAN ISLAND Y BETWEEN 1990 AND 1994

On the grid provided on page 7, plot a bar graph to show the number of dengue cases and malaria cases in EACH year shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

Which island had the greater number of cases of disease during the period 1990–1994?

Suggest THREE reasons that could account for the pattern shown in the number of dengue cases in Caribbean island X.

State TWO similarities between malaria and dengue.

Define the term 'excretion'.

Figure 2 shows a diagram of structures of the excretory system.

Match EACH function below with its appropriate structure by writing the letters, A, B, C or D in the spaces provided. (Please note that there are more structures given than there are functions).

The structure that carries blood away from the kidney

The structure that houses the Bowman's capsule

The structure through which urine leaves the body

The structure that stores urine

Reba is 50 pounds overweight. Her doctor tells her that she has developed diabetes mellitus.

Predict THREE effects Reba may experience if she leaves her diabetes unmanaged.

State THREE recommendations which Reba's doctor may suggest to help her manage her diabetes.

Reba's husband, Mike, is a high-powered lawyer who is also overweight and smokes for relaxation. Suggest ONE disease that Mike could be at risk for developing and give TWO symptoms of the disease.

The nervous system, together with the endocrine system, regulates all of the activities of the human body. It consists of two major divisions, the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

Name the TWO main components of the central nervous system.

Name the main component of the peripheral nervous system.

The table below shows FOUR functions of different parts of the brain.

Match EACH part of the brain below with its appropriate function by writing the letters, A, B, C or D in the spaces provided. (Please note that there are more functions listed than there are parts of the brain.)

During a Human and Social Biology class, a teacher explained the difference between voluntary and involuntary actions.

Name ONE voluntary action and explain how the action occurs.

Identify TWO drugs which act as stimulants and ONE drug which acts as a depressant.

Stimulant

Depressant

Differentiate between 'physical drug dependence' and 'psychological drug dependence'.

Conrad and his sister, April, are fraternal twins.

State the genotype that determines the gender of Conrad and the gender of April.

Genotype of Conrad

Genotype of April

Identify the chromosome that makes Conrad male and the chromosome that makes April female.

Male chromosome

Female chromosome

Figure 3 shows a karyotype of an individual with a genetic disorder that occurs on chromosome 21.

Figure 3. Karyotype of genetic disorder

Name the disorder that this individual may have.

State which parent(s) passes on the chromosome that determines the sex of this individual.

State whether or not this disease can be inherited.

Define the term 'degenerative disease'.

Haemophilia and sickle-cell anaemia are both genetic disorders. State TWO similarities and TWO differences between these diseases.

Similarities

Differences

SECTION B Answer ALL questions in this section.

Due to the worldwide prevalence of diseases, health and health-related issues have become a major concern. Personal hygiene is extremely important to one's overall good health and when neglected, certain infections can develop.

Define the term 'good health'.

Name TWO infections that could develop as a result of improper personal hygiene.

Many pathogens are foodborne and therefore it is extremely important to ensure that food is as free as possible from pathogens.

Describe TWO named methods by which pathogens may be removed from foods.

Antibiotics can be used to treat some infections but their use has been abused. One issue that has arisen as a result of the abuse of antibiotics is drug sensitivity.

Identify and explain ONE other issue relating to the overuse of antibiotics, which could make them ineffective.

On a field trip, David visited the municipal sewage treatment plant.

List FOUR stages in the sewage treatment process he would have observed.

Name TWO unsafe methods of sewage disposal used in the home.

Benjamin has a pit latrine that is filled with faecal matter due to slow decomposition. He is thinking of using the contents of the latrine to fertilize his garden.

Advise Benjamin as to whether this is a good idea. State THREE reasons to support your response.

Suggest TWO actions Benjamin should take when his pit latrine is filled with faecal matter.

Charlotte walks through her sweet potato patch and notices that one vine has larger leaves than the other vines. She later discovers that the vine with larger leaves produces very large sweet potatoes.

Name the event that could have caused the difference in the size of the leaves and the sweet potatoes.

State TWO reasons why the event named in (c) (i) is beneficial.

CSEC Human and Social Biology Paper 2 January 2019 Questions

Question 1 (15 marks)

TABLE 1: NUMBER OF CASES OF DENGUE FEVER IN CARIBBEAN ISLAND X BETWEEN 1990 AND 1994

TABLE 2: NUMBER OF CASES OF MALARIA IN CARIBBEAN ISLAND Y BETWEEN 1990 AND 1994

Question 2 (15 marks)

Question 3 (15 marks)

Question 4 (15 marks)

Figure 3. Karyotype of genetic disorder

Question 5 (15 marks)

Question 6 (15 marks)