CSEC Human and Social Biology Paper 2 May/June 2018 - Free CXC Past Paper with Answers

Figure 5 shows the front view of the female reproductive system.

Complete the following table by inserting the name and ONE function of EACH labelled organ, A and B.

Figure 6 shows a diagram of part of the female reproductive system during ovulation.

Name the processes that are occurring at the areas labelled C and D.

Process at C 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After being treated for low hormonal levels, Mary becomes pregnant. Her doctor advises her to stop smoking immediately, as women who smoke have more miscarriages than women who do not smoke. Suggest THREE effects that smoking could have on her baby.

Mary considers having an abortion because of the incidence of the Zika virus in the Caribbean and its associated risks. Her doctor explains that a medical abortion can only be done in circumstances where her life is in danger.

Suggest TWO other reasons why an abortion may be considered.

Explain why a spontaneous abortion could be considered a positive occurrence.

Complete the following table by inserting either the name or ONE function of the digestive organs at A, B and C.

A piece of liver and a piece of bread are both crushed and mixed with water. A sample of both is added to THREE test tubes, A, B and C.

Salivary amylase is added to Test tube A and pepsin is added to Test tube B.

Describe what would happen to the liver and the bread in EACH test tube, A and B. Test tube A Test tube B

If hydrogen peroxide is added to Test tube C, state the expected observation and explain why the reaction occurs.

Diabetes mellitus type I is an inheritable disease which is treatable by insulin. Genetic engineering is now being utilized to produce insulin. This involves the use of bacteria and human cells.

Describe the process by which insulin is produced by genetic engineering.

Suggest ONE advantage of using insulin produced by genetic engineering rather than insulin obtained from animals.

Complete the following table by marking an "X" to indicate which structures are present in EACH cell. The first row has been done for you.

Figure 7 shows a diagram of the cross-section of an animal cell.

Figure 7. Diagram of the cross-section of an animal cell

Match the labelled structures above with their functions below by placing the correct letter, A, B or C, on the line next to the function.

(i) Involved in protein synthesis (ii) Generates energy for the cell (iii) Encloses the contents of the cell

Chen, Shiv and Dale purchase similar lunches from a vendor. While eating, the boys notice mosquito larvae swimming in a vase of flowers on a nearby table. A friend joins them and while greeting them sneezes into his hand before shaking Chen's hand. The boys finish lunch and Shiv washes his mouth in a nearby spring. (i) One week later all of the boys are sick. Chen has the flu, Shiv has contracted cholera and Dale has malaria. Suggest how EACH boy could have contracted his disease. (ii) List THREE possible symptoms that Shiv may experience. (iii) Suggest THREE preventative actions that could have been taken to reduce the possibility of Dale contracting malaria.

One week later all of the boys are sick. Chen has the flu, Shiv has contracted cholera and Dale has malaria. Suggest how EACH boy could have contracted his disease.

Chen Shiv Dale

List THREE possible symptoms that Shiv may experience.

Suggest THREE preventative actions that could have been taken to reduce the possibility of Dale contracting malaria.

(i) State ONE advantage and ONE disadvantage of using an antiserum and name ONE situation in which an antiserum should be used.

Advantage Disadvantage When it is used

(ii) Define the term 'vaccine' and explain how a vaccine differs from an antiserum.

State ONE advantage and ONE disadvantage of using an antiserum and name ONE situation in which an antiserum should be used.

Advantage Disadvantage When it is used

Define the term 'vaccine' and explain how a vaccine differs from an antiserum.

There is an outbreak of chicken pox and although exposed to this virus, Mia does not contract it. The flu season is approaching so she decides that since she is still breastfeeding her baby, she will get vaccinated for the flu virus.

Identify the THREE types of immunity described in the scenario above and state which type will NOT be long-lasting.

Suggest ONE short-term benefit and ONE long-term benefit of Mia's baby being vaccinated.

Mia has developed athlete's foot. Her neighbour says she has some antibiotics that she used for a previous infection and suggests that Mia use some of it. Should Mia use the neighbour's antibiotics? Explain your answer.

Pit latrines are still commonly used in rural areas within the Caribbean. They provide a means by which sewage is disposed. Figure 8 shows a pit latrine.

Identify the labelled parts, A, B and C, and state the function of EACH part.

A B C

A group of students visited the homes of several villagers in a remote part of a particular Caribbean island. While on tour, the students inspected the pit latrines and became very concerned about the siting and construction of the pit latrines at the villagers’ homes. Suggest THREE observations made by the students that may have caused them to become concerned.

The students are also concerned that as the population of the village increases, the volume of sewage produced will also increase. Explain the villagers ONE advantage and TWO disadvantages of continuing the use of pit latrines, given the students’ concerns.

Advantage

Disadvantages