CSEC Physics Paper 2 May/June 2007 - Free CXC Past Paper with Answers

Explain what is meant by the terms 'velocity' and 'acceleration'.

Figure 1 above shows a car at A moving towards C, with a constant velocity of $30 \text{ m s}^{-1}$. As the car passes A, the driver sees an obstruction in the road at C. Due to the reaction time of the driver, the car travels a distance of $27 \text{ m}$, at the same velocity, before the brakes are applied at B. The car now decelerates uniformly and comes to a halt at C, which is $54 \text{ m}$ from B.

Figure 1

A <----- 27 m -----> B <----- 54 m -----> C

Calculate the reaction time of the driver.

The car takes $3.6 \text{ s}$ to travel from B to C. In the space below, draw a velocity-time graph to represent the motion of the car between A and C.

What is the average speed of the car between B and C?

If the mass of the car is $750 \text{ kg}$, find the braking force that slows the car between B and C.

Figure 2 below shows a shiny kettle which is placed on a gas stove to heat the water inside it.

Figure 2

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(i) What is meant by 'total internal reflection' at point C? (2 marks)

(ii) Is the refractive index of the cladding greater or smaller than that of the core? (1 mark)

(iii) Draw on Figure 3, the ray that shows the path of the light continuing on from C. (1 mark)

(iv) Calculate the angle of incidence of the light entering the fibre. (3 marks)

(v) Given that the speed of light in air is $3 \times 10^8 \text{ m s}^{-1}$, determine the speed of light in the core of the fibre. (3 marks)

By what process is heat transferred to the water through the kettle?

Explain why kettles are usually shiny on the outside.

How does the cover prevent heat losses?

Only about one-third of the thermal energy generated by burning the gas goes into heating the water, whilst the remainder is wasted.

State where the wasted energy goes and give the process by which this wasted heat is transferred.

If the mass of water in the kettle is 1.5 kg, calculate the thermal energy required to raise its temperature from $30 \text{ °C}$ to $100 \text{ °C}$.

How much more energy must the water absorb for 0.2 kg of it to boil off?

Explain why it is better not to fill the kettle when making one or two cups of tea.

(Specific heat capacity of water = $4.2 \times 10^3 \text{ J kg}^{-1} \text{ K}^{-1}$. Specific latent heat of vaporization of water = $$.)

In the seventeenth century, two conflicting theories concerning the nature of light were put forward.

State what these theories considered light to be.

Theory A Theory B

Indicate, by ticking the relevant boxes, the properties which these theories can explain. Place an X in the box if the theory CANNOT satisfactorily explain the property.

An optical fibre is a flexible glass rod of extremely small diameter which is used to carry light signals over distances of several kilometres.

Figure 3 below shows the structure of a typical optical fibre, with a glass core of refractive index, 1.50, surrounded by a glass cladding of different refractive index, $n_2$. Once the light enters the core, it is total internally reflected and remains inside the fibre until it reaches the other end of the fibre. The ray of light, AB, in air is refracted into the core along the path, BC.

What is meant by 'total internal reflection' at point C?

Is the refractive index of the cladding greater or smaller than that of the core?

Draw on Figure 3, the ray that shows the path of the light continuing on from C.

Calculate the angle of incidence of the light entering the fibre.

Given that the speed of light in air is $3 \times 10^8 \text{ m s}^{-1}$, determine the speed of light in the core of the fibre.

A negatively charged polythene strip is used to attract a small piece of insulating paper as shown in Figure 4 below.

Show, on the diagram above, the charge distribution on the paper.

Explain why there is a net force of attraction.

Draw, on Figure 5 above, the charge distribution on the paper when it is in contact with the polythene strip.

State whether the paper gains or loses charge and the type of charge transferred, when it touches the strip.

When lightning strikes the earth, there is a massive flow of electrons from a thundercloud to the earth during a short time interval.

Draw, on Figure 6 above, electric field lines between the cloud and the earth.

Describe a precaution which may be taken to protect a building against lightning.

During a certain lightning strike, a current of $5 \times 10^4 \text{ A}$ flows for a time period of $0.15 \text{ ms}$.

Calculate the quantity of charge that flows from cloud to earth during the strike.