CSEC Biology Paper 2 May/June 2023 - Free CXC Past Paper with Answers

Figure 3 is an incomplete diagram of meiosis in an animal cell. Four genetically different daughter cells, P, Q, R and S, are produced.

Figure 3. Partial diagram of the process of meiosis in an animal cell

Complete Figure 3 by drawing the contents of the daughter cells Q and R on the diagram.

State whether the daughter cells produced by meiosis are haploid or diploid.

Name ONE part of the body in which meiosis occurs.

Name the structure within the nucleus which contains the genetic material.

Khara and Keturah are the daughters of Mr and Mrs Balram, yet their observable characteristics are very different. Use your knowledge of genetics to explain why the observable characteristics in the sisters are different. Include TWO possible reasons in your response.

State TWO reasons why meiosis is important to living organisms.

Meiosis also occurs in flowering plants. Name the TWO gametes produced.

List THREE kingdoms, other than the animal kingdom, into which organisms can be classified.

Fish are organisms that belong to the animal kingdom. Figure 4 shows six species of fish (A–F) that live on coral reefs in the Caribbean.

Figure 4. Six species of fish (A–F) that live on coral reefs in the Caribbean

List THREE visible characteristics that may be used to classify the fish in Figure 4.

Using any ONE of the characteristics listed in (b)(i), arrange the fish species (A–F) into two groups, I and II, in Table 3 below.

TABLE 3: SPECIES OF FISH ARRANGED INTO TWO GROUPS, I AND II

Define the term 'conservation' as used in biology.

Fish populations which live on coral reefs in the Caribbean are under a threat of extinction due to predation and pollution.

Explain TWO methods of conservation that may be used to minimize these threats.

Organisms can be either multicellular or unicellular. State ONE example of a unicellular organism.

List THREE materials that can be transported in multicellular organisms.

Explain why multicellular organisms require transport systems while unicellular organisms do not. Include TWO reasons in your response.

Define the terms 'translocation' and 'transpiration'.

Explain TWO ways in which the structure of the xylem is suited for its role in transpiration.

Suggest how the structure of the phloem allows it to deliver nutrients to the sieve elements.

Define the following terms:

Diffusion

Breathing

Respiration

Name the THREE muscles in the ribcage which are responsible for breathing in humans.

Explain how the process of gaseous exchange occurs in the lungs.

Explain how human beings use anaerobic respiration during exercise.

Define the terms 'egestion' and 'excretion'.

In humans, several organs are responsible for excretion. List TWO organs of excretion and, for EACH organ, state ONE substance which is excreted from it. Excretory organ Substance excreted Excretory organ Substance excreted

Joy is ill and is vomiting a lot during the day. She becomes very dehydrated as a result of her condition because she has lost a large volume of fluid. Explain the role of the kidneys in correcting Joy's fluid imbalance.

Suggest ONE way in which Joy can correct the fluid loss she experienced as a result of vomiting.

Explain TWO ways in which plants conserve water.